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Introduction Developing a well-rounded fitness regimen is not just about hitting the gym every day. It involves equipping yourself with the strength to defend and protect – something that is becoming increasingly important in today’s uncertain world. Self-defence fits within this narrative and offers a multifaceted approach to personal health… Read more »

Introduction Avitaminosis, aka vitamin deficiency, is the condition of a long-term lack of a vitamin. When caused by not enough vitamin intake it is classified as a primary deficiency, whereas when due to an underlying disorder such as malabsorption it is called a secondary deficiency. An underlying disorder can have… Read more »

Introduction Megavitamin therapy is the use of large doses of vitamins, often many times greater than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) in the attempt to prevent or treat diseases. Megavitamin therapy is typically used in alternative medicine by practitioners who call their approach orthomolecular medicine. Vitamins are useful in preventing… Read more »

Introduction Hypervitaminosis is a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to various symptoms as over excitement, irritability, or even toxicity. Specific medical names of the different conditions are derived from the given vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called hypervitaminosis A.… Read more »

Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It raises the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream and is considered to be the main catabolic hormone of the body. It is also used as a medication to treat a number of health… Read more »

Introduction Diuresis is the excretion of urine, especially when excessive (polyuria). The term collectively denotes the physiologic processes underpinning increased urine production by the kidneys during maintenance of fluid balance. In healthy people, the drinking of extra water produces mild diuresis to maintain the body water balance. Many people with… Read more »

Introduction In human nutrition, empty calories are those calories found in foods and beverages (including alcohol) composed primarily or solely of calorie-rich macronutrients such as sugars and fats, but little or no micronutrients, fibre, or protein. Foods composed mostly of empty calories have low nutrient density, meaning few other nutrients… Read more »

Introduction The calorie is a unit of energy that originated from the caloric theory of heat. The large calorie, food calorie, dietary calorie, or kilogram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one litre of water by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin).… Read more »

Introduction Navigating an obstacle course race (OCR) demands more than sheer willpower; it is a complex dance of endurance, strength, and nutrition. Optimal dietary strategies tailor-fit for OCR can be the linchpin to surpassing personal limits. Yet, crafting such a nutritional plan is not one-size-fits-all. It requires precision – balancing… Read more »

Introduction Lactate inflection point (LIP) is the exercise intensity at which the blood concentration of lactate and/or lactic acid begins to increase rapidly. It is often expressed as 85% of maximum heart rate or 75% of maximum oxygen intake. When exercising at or below the lactate threshold, any lactate produced… Read more »